Retaining-wall or the like.



PATLNTLD MAR. 2o, 1906. L. M. SGOFIELD. -LLTAINING WALL 06.26116 LIKE.

'APPLVIOATION FILED 11:13.26. 19405.l

LIIIIIIIIIIIITIIIII 1 .PArlaNrEnfMARI zo, 119.06.

v B. M. 'vsooFneLD1 RETAINING' WALL 0R THE LIKE.

"APPLIQATION FILED 11:13.20. 1905.

z SHEETS-SHEET 2. v

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' To a/ZZ when?, it mag/concerns'tructed according to my invention'. Figs.'

n drawings,-A represents the base of the con- UNITED ,OFFER y lEpson-in. scoriELn, or PHILADLPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA* e' .RETAINIne-,WALL'QR 'rHE|'.|K,E.jv y.

I ivo. 815,866.

spegiaation of Letters Patent. Patented Marcil` 20', i906.

Application filed FebruarylZO, 1905. Serial No. 246,530..v I

Be it known that I, EDsoN M. ScorrELD, 'a 1 citizen of 'the United States, residing in Philadel hia, Pennsylvania, have invented cer-A 5 tain m rovements in Retaining-Walls or'the Like, o which the following is a specification. One object of my invention is to provide a novel form of:concrete-wall'construction particularly designed for uselin' such structuies as 'sea-walls. reservoirs, retaining-walls of variousforrns, and walls of buildin s', by means of which the possibility of the vfailure of such structures shall be materially' diminished.

l More especially the object of the invention ingars, in structures of the general type noted above for the purpose ofincreasing y their resistance to the strains to which they I I are subjected when vinu'se.. 2O

. These ob'ects'I attain as hereinafter'set forth, reference being had to theaccompany-` `ing drawings in whichwall constructed according to lily-invention. Fig'. 2 is 'aseetional plan view of thestruc'ture l shown-in ,Fig/ 1, the same being taken on the Figs. 3 and 4` are sectional. eleva- 5 and 6 are respectively sectional plan views of the structuresfshown in'Fi s. 3 and 4,

Ataken onthelines 535 6 Gofsaid gures. Fi

` 7 `illnstrates a portion ofthe wall of a buil Aing constructed according to v my invention, the samebei'ngI shown as provided with a vpor'- e constructed-according to my invention. Figs.,

bars are employed in the manner characterizing my invention. v p' Referring iirst to Figs. 1 and 2 of the above crete structure, which in these figures is more i particularly designed for use as a sea-wall.'

is to rovide a novel arrangement of reinforc-v s'ectional elevation' of' a sea-z` tion for thesupport of a crane-rail. Fig. '8 is. a sectional planview taken on the line 8 8,

Fig. 7.-. Figs'. 9,'10,and 11 are sectional ele- .vations of various forms of retaining-wallsl -12 and '13 are transverse sectional elevations,l of two forms of factory-Walls, 'showing my inillustrating 'buttres'sed .walls yin which va y rious arrangements of reinforcing and tying ent instance diminishin'height as theyifrecede from the wall. UnderA each of the buttresses C there is lprovided a footing a' of con-'- l Ithe base A, is extendedin crete, which, Wit front of the wall-B to form a'toe D.

In order to properly reinforce the'above noted bodies of concrete, I provide in the wall B vertical reinforcing-barst. and longitudinal reinforcing-b ars-b2. In the buttresses C,I provide a ser-ies oflvertically-extending reinforcing-barst., in addition to which there 'are horizontall extending bars or rods c', by

ing-bars; but it will be understood .that in nearly 1e in horizontal planes. The said bars c arepreferably made in a form not unlike an elongated letter U, and while'I preferably exten them around the outside of the vertical bars c this is not necessarily done,

since they may be onthe inside of the verticals and connected to them by any desired form of tie oi"l clamp.

It will be seen that the base'A is reinforced by a number of longitudinally-extending bars e', while the footing portions @have extend ing through them 'reinforcing-rods c2., L'the forward ends'of which may, if desired, extend up y wardly at an angle, soas to be embedded in the upper part ofthe toe portion D. The tierods. c for the buttresses are preferably inclined 'upwardly near the top portion thereof,

asishown at c2 in Fig. 1,30 that this is properly Adjacent to one edge of said base islerected' i y a series' of rearwardlyextending which they are connectedto other reinforc- 7'5 actual practice the hooked portions more reinforced and tied to the wall B. In order 95 tof's'ecure the tying action of the bars c to th'e greatest `possible eXtent, I bend or hooktheir ends around Athe vertical bars b', as above noted, so .that it will be 'seen that what-v ever, strainsvactupon thegwall -Bto tear it away from its reinforcing-buttress. will be transferred to and resisted'by the bars cf',

with the result that the buttresses become trusses, in effect, with theirreinforcing-bars in tension and certain portions of the concrete structure between saidj'bars in compression.

1o 5, and hooked to verticals tl, while the en s of the bars c may, as before, -bebent around or 'hooked to the vertical reinforcing-bars b :in said main wall. l l

Figs. 4 and illustrate my inventionas appliedto a relatively low retaining-wall having v`in its buttresses a relatively large number 'of vertical reinforcing-barsfq. all of which are tied to the vertical reinforcing-bars b in the j'Wall B by means of the U-'shaped :tie-bars,- c'

zo In Figs. 7` and 8 I have shown myU-'shaped tie-:bar .as a plied to the strengthening'v of a {building-wall having outside buttressesand -govidedwithafseries of projecting-portionsior the support ofa crane railor girder.A

zsfilthis instance the U'shaped pieces c may' be Vhooked or bent around the vertical reinforcing-rods b in thexsame manner as above described, or Imay be permitted to extend into ""atfhe girdersup orting portions, s Shown.

3o ',theselatter portlonsbeing made with or withlout vertical reinforcin bars,l as desired, though in any case beingl strongly tied to the ivf-main wallB. s-

. I l Figs. 9 .to 11', inclusive, and Fig. 1'8 illus- 3 5 trate various forms of retaining-.walls to "which my invention may be applied, the

structure shown in Fi s.- 9 and 18r .being one-in lvvhi'c'h the rods c', w'hi'e, as before, hooked or 1 .'bent around the veiticalreinforcing-bars 'b of the ^wall proper, are inclined downwardl from the vpeints of their engagementwitii .said vertical bars and then bent so as to tie the 'latter to the lower rear ortion of the base? A. f In the' construction s ownV in Fig. 1-0 a relatively small' number of vertical bars are y .ernplpyed' .in the back part of the b'uttress, f being'tid to .thereinforcing systemof the L' :main wall by the two `horizontal bars c, aci cording to v'myinvention. In -Fig`f11 the .50 rear v'ertical reinforcing-bar in the buttress has been replaced by inclined bars cextendring within the loops c', as before described.

n the case of the wall sho'wn lin--Fig 12 I have provided' a vertically eXtending 5 5 strengthening -.rib or bttressB, having a Avertical reinforcing bar or bars I-tiedijtoy the reinforcing-bars b in thewall B by means of :horizontal I Ll-shaped bars c as heretofore de-` .scribed;- 6o Another form of wall isillustrated in.Fig. 13,in which external buttresses C', having vertical bars b5 tied to theY main wall, are provided.' A crane-railf is carrieduponrthe top The ends'.

ing-bars extending horizontally through the of said main wall, while an offset wallB, supported by the buttresses' and main wall, is made to carry the roof structure. This olset wall is also preferably tied to the buttresses, -as defore described.

. Various ways of arranging the tie bars c .are illustrated in Figs. 14 to 17, inclusive, the lfirst of these iigures showing a case in which the free ends of the bar are hooked around verticale in the main-Wall structure, while verticale in the buttress areoperatively engaged bythe body vand curved end of said bar... Fig 17 is a somewhat similar form of' the device in which two bars, each hooked at one end l'to 'the main Wall vertical bars, are extended into the buttress, it being'understood that like allreinforcing-bars commonly .used theyvare provided with series of projectionsor openingsflwhereby -they are tie into a bod .of vconcretein the manner well known in t e art. In Fig. 1'5 the curved end of the bar .cA is extended into the main-wall structure, Wh'ere it'embraces the vertical reinforcingfbar's, while its free ends are hooked ,around vertical bars extending throu h the rear lportion of the -buttress. A simi ar arrangement is shownin Fig. 16, exce tthat the freeendsof the bar c are not hoo ed no1` Itied to other b ars.

I claim as I ny invention- 1. A concrete wall lineludin a main vertical portion a base portion', an' a buttress for the main portion resting upon said base p0rtion, longitudinal and vertical reinforcingbars in the main portion and in the base portion, vertically-extendingbars in thebuttrfess, with aseries of `Usha pedA bars extending in the buttress and ent'erm the main portion of the Wall, said latter bars eing placedto transmit strain from said vertical barsin .the but- .tress to the main 'vertical portion of the -Wall IOO substantially as described.

2. A concrete-Wall"construction including amain vertical portion, buttresses extending from bothv faces ofsaid wall, u Aw'ardly-exl tending reinforcing-bars in sai buttresses, and series of U-shaped bars operatively con; no nected Vto saidverticalbars and extending ntp the main-wall structure, substantiallyas described. '3. Aconcrete-wallstructure including a main vertical' portion` 'a buttress therefor, substantially Usshaped reinforcing-'bars ex- IIS `tending through the buttressa'nd into said main-wallstructure,I 4thefree ends of said reinfocing-b'ars being hooked, and vertical reinforcing-bars engaged by saidhooked portions of the' U-shapedbars, substantially as described. z l I 4. A concrete-wall structure including a main'vertical portion, a base, a buttress -or buttresses for-said vertical portion, reinforc` 

